Technician Class License Exam Questions

Subelement T8

Modulation modes: amateur satellite operation; operating activities; non-voice communications

Groups

T8A - Modulation modes: bandwidth of various signals; choice of emission type
T8B - Amateur satellite operation; Doppler shift, basic orbits, operating protocols; control operator, transmitter power considerations; satellite tracking; digital modes
T8C - Operating activities: radio direction finding; radio control; contests; linking over the Internet; grid locators
T8D - Non-voice communications: image signals; digital modes; CW; packet; PSK31; APRS; error detection and correction; NTSC

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Group T8A Modulation modes: bandwidth of various signals; choice of emission type

T8A01 Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation?

Spread-spectrum
Packet radio
Single sideband
Phase shift keying

T8A03 Which type of voice mode is most often used for long-distance (weak signal) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?

T8A04 Which type of modulation is most commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters?

T8A05 Which of the following types of emission has the narrowest bandwidth?

FM voice
SSB voice
CW
Slow-scan TV

T8A06 Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF and UHF single-sideband communications?

Upper sideband
Lower sideband
Suppressed sideband
Inverted sideband

T8A07 What is the primary advantage of single sideband over FM for voice transmissions?

SSB signals are easier to tune
SSB signals are less susceptible to interference
SSB signals have narrower bandwidth
All of these choices are correct

T8A09 What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM phone signal?

Less than 500 Hz
About 150 kHz
Between 10 and 15 kHz
Between 50 and 125 kHz

T8A10 What is the typical bandwidth of analog fast-scan TV transmissions on the 70 cm band?

More than 10 MHz
About 6 MHz
About 3 MHz
About 1 MHz

T8A11 What is the approximate maximum bandwidth required to transmit a CW signal?

2.4 kHz
150 Hz
1000 Hz
15 kHz

Group T8B Amateur satellite operation; Doppler shift, basic orbits, operating protocols; control operator, transmitter power considerations; satellite tracking; digital modes

T8B01 [97.301, 97.207(c)] Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station?

Only an Amateur Extra Class operator
A General Class licensee or higher licensee who has a satellite operator certification
Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member
Any amateur whose license privileges allow them to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency

T8B02 [97.313] How much transmitter power should be used on the uplink frequency of an amateur satellite or space station?

The maximum power of your transmitter
The minimum amount of power needed to complete the contact
No more than half the rating of your linear amplifier
Never more than 1 watt

T8B03 Which of the following are provided by satellite tracking programs?

Maps showing the real-time position of the satellite track over the earth
The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and end of a pass
The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift
All of these answers are correct

T8B04 [97.301, 97.207(c)] Which amateur stations may make contact with an amateur station on the International Space Station using 2 meter and 70 cm band amateur radio frequencies?

Only members of amateur radio clubs at NASA facilities
Any amateur holding a Technician or higher class license
Only the astronaut's family members who are hams
You cannot talk to the ISS on amateur radio frequencies

T8B05 What is a satellite beacon?

The primary transmit antenna on the satellite
An indicator light that that shows where to point your antenna
A reflective surface on the satellite
A transmission from a space station that contains information about a satellite

T8B06 Which of the following are inputs to a satellite tracking program?

The weight of the satellite
The Keplerian elements
The last observed time of zero Doppler shift
All of these answers are correct

T8B07 With regard to satellite communications, what is Doppler shift?

A change in the satellite orbit
A mode where the satellite receives signals on one band and transmits on another
An observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and the earth station
A special digital communications mode for some satellites

T8B08 What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in mode U/V?

The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the downlink is in the 10 meter band
The satellite uplink is in the 70 cm band and the downlink is in the 2 meter band
The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequencies
The satellite frequencies are usually variable

T8B09 What causes spin fading when referring to satellite signals?

Circular polarized noise interference radiated from the sun
Rotation of the satellite and its antennas
Doppler shift of the received signal
Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band

T8B10 What do the initials LEO tell you about an amateur satellite?

The satellite battery is in Low Energy Operation mode
The satellite is performing a Lunar Ejection Orbit maneuver
The satellite is in a Low Earth Orbit
The satellite uses Light Emitting Optics

T8B11 What is a commonly used method of sending signals to and from a digital satellite?

USB AFSK
PSK31
FM Packet
WSJT

Group T8C Operating activities: radio direction finding; radio control; contests; linking over the Internet; grid locators

T8C01 Which of the following methods is used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming?

Echolocation
Doppler radar
Radio direction finding
Phase locking

T8C02 Which of these items would be useful for a hidden transmitter hunt?

Calibrated SWR meter
A directional antenna
A calibrated noise bridge
All of these choices are correct

T8C03 What popular operating activity involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period of time?

Contesting
Net operations
Public service events
Simulated emergency exercises

T8C04 Which of the following is good procedure when contacting another station in a radio contest?

Be sure to sign only the last two letters of your call if there is a pileup calling the station
Work the station twice to be sure that you are in his log
Send only the minimum information needed for proper identification and the contest exchange
All of these choices are correct

T8C05 What is a grid locator?

A letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location
A letter-number designator assigned to an azimuth and elevation
An instrument for neutralizing a final amplifier
An instrument for radio direction finding

T8C06 How is access to an IRLP node accomplished?

By obtaining a password which is sent via voice to the node
By using DTMF signals
By entering the proper Internet password
By using CTCSS tone codes

T8C07 [97.215(c)] What is the maximum power allowed when transmitting telecommand signals to radio controlled models?

500 milliwatts
1 watt
25 watts
1500 watts

T8C08 [97.215(a)] What is required in place of on-air station identification when sending signals to a radio control model using amateur frequencies?

Voice identification must be transmitted every 10 minutes
Morse code ID must be sent once per hour
A label indicating the licensee's name, call sign and address must be affixed to the transmitter
A flag must be affixed to the transmitter antenna with the station call sign in 1 inch high letters or larger

T8C09 How might you obtain a list of active nodes that use VoIP?

From the FCC Rulebook
From your local emergency coordinator
From a repeater directory
From the local repeater frequency coordinator

T8C10 How do you select a specific IRLP node when using a portable transceiver?

Choose a specific CTCSS tone
Choose the correct DSC tone
Access the repeater autopatch
Use the keypad to transmit the IRLP node ID

T8C11 What name is given to an amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur stations to the Internet?

A gateway
A repeater
A digipeater
A beacon

T8C12 What is meant by Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) as used in amateur radio?

A set of rules specifying how to identify your station when linked over the Internet to another station
A set of guidelines for working DX during contests using Internet access
A technique for measuring the modulation quality of a transmitter using remote sites monitored via the Internet
A method of delivering voice communications over the Internet using digital techniques

T8C13 What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)?

A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the Internet using Voice Over Internet Protocol
A system for providing access to websites via amateur radio
A system for informing amateurs in real time of the frequency of active DX stations
A technique for measuring signal strength of an amateur transmitter via the Internet

Group T8D Non-voice communications: image signals; digital modes; CW; packet; PSK31; APRS; error detection and correction; NTSC

T8D01 Which of the following is an example of a digital communications method?

Packet
PSK31
MFSK
All of these choices are correct

T8D02 What does the term APRS mean?

Automatic Packet Reporting System
Associated Public Radio Station
Auto Planning Radio Set-up
Advanced Polar Radio System

T8D03 Which of the following devices provides data to the transmitter when sending automatic position reports from a mobile amateur radio station?

The vehicle speedometer
A WWV receiver
A connection to a broadcast FM sub-carrier receiver
A Global Positioning System receiver

T8D04 What type of transmission is indicated by the term NTSC?

A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit
A special mode for earth satellite uplink
An analog fast scan color TV signal
A frame compression scheme for TV signals

T8D05 Which of the following is an application of APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System)?

Providing real time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations
Showing automatically the number of packets transmitted via PACTOR during a specific time interval
Providing voice over Internet connection between repeaters
Providing information on the number of stations signed into a repeater

T8D06 What does the abbreviation PSK mean?

Pulse Shift Keying
Phase Shift Keying
Packet Short Keying
Phased Slide Keying

T8D07 What is PSK31?

A high-rate data transmission mode
A method of reducing noise interference to FM signals
A method of compressing digital television signals
A low-rate data transmission mode

T8D08 Which of the following may be included in packet transmissions?

A check sum which permits error detection
A header which contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent
Automatic repeat request in case of error
All of these choices are correct

T8D09 What code is used when sending CW in the amateur bands?

Baudot
Hamming
International Morse
Gray

T8D10 Which of the following can be used to transmit CW in the amateur bands?

Straight Key
Electronic Keyer
Computer Keyboard
All of these choices are correct

T8D11 What is an ARQ transmission system?

A special transmission format limited to video signals
A system used to encrypt command signals to an amateur radio satellite
A digital scheme whereby the receiving station detects errors and sends a request to the sending station to retransmit the information
A method of compressing the data in a message so more information can be sent in a shorter time